TY - JOUR
T1 - Altered connexin 43 expression underlies age-dependent decrease of regulatory T cell suppressor function in nonobese diabetic mice
AU - Kuczma, Michal
AU - Wang, Cong Yi
AU - Ignatowicz, Leszek
AU - Gourdie, Robert
AU - Kraj, Piotr
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Type 1 diabetes is one of the most extensively studied autoimmune diseases, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells are still not well understood. In this study, we show that regulatory T cells (Tregs) in NOD mice undergo age-dependent loss of suppressor functions exacerbated by the decreased ability of activated effector T cells to upregulate Foxp3 and generate Tregs in the peripheral organs. This age-dependent loss is associated with reduced intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions, which is caused by impaired upregulation and decreased expression of connexin 43. Regulatory functions can be corrected, even in T cells isolated from aged, diabetic mice, by a synergistic activity of retinoic acid, TGF-β, and IL-2, which enhance connexin 43 and Foxp3 expression in Tregs and restore the ability of conventional CD4+ T cells to upregulate Foxp3 and generate peripherally derived Tregs. Moreover, we demonstrate that suppression mediated by Tregs from diabetic mice is enhanced by a novel reagent, which facilitates gap junction aggregation. In summary, our report identifies gap junction-mediated intercellular communication as an important component of the Treg suppression mechanism compromised in NOD mice and suggests how Treg mediated immune regulation can be improved.
AB - Type 1 diabetes is one of the most extensively studied autoimmune diseases, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells are still not well understood. In this study, we show that regulatory T cells (Tregs) in NOD mice undergo age-dependent loss of suppressor functions exacerbated by the decreased ability of activated effector T cells to upregulate Foxp3 and generate Tregs in the peripheral organs. This age-dependent loss is associated with reduced intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions, which is caused by impaired upregulation and decreased expression of connexin 43. Regulatory functions can be corrected, even in T cells isolated from aged, diabetic mice, by a synergistic activity of retinoic acid, TGF-β, and IL-2, which enhance connexin 43 and Foxp3 expression in Tregs and restore the ability of conventional CD4+ T cells to upregulate Foxp3 and generate peripherally derived Tregs. Moreover, we demonstrate that suppression mediated by Tregs from diabetic mice is enhanced by a novel reagent, which facilitates gap junction aggregation. In summary, our report identifies gap junction-mediated intercellular communication as an important component of the Treg suppression mechanism compromised in NOD mice and suggests how Treg mediated immune regulation can be improved.
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U2 - 10.4049/jimmunol.1400887
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.1400887
M3 - Article
C2 - 25911751
AN - SCOPUS:84929619054
SN - 0022-1767
VL - 194
SP - 5261
EP - 5271
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
IS - 11
ER -