Anchor balloon, buddy wire, and wire and sheath techniques to deploy percutaneous pulmonary valves in tetralogy of fallot patients

Advances in surgical techniques in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients have improved survival of these patients into adulthood. The procedure requires right ventricular outflow tract or trans-annular patch with resultant pulmonary stenosis and/or regurgitation. As such, adult patients seen with this condition may have increasing right ventricular hypertrophy and/or right ventricular dilation. Recently, the Sapien XT valve (Edwards Lifesciences, CA) was approved by the FDA for pulmonary implantation. In some cases, advancing the valve in right ventricular outflow tract is difficult. This is a case series of delivering Sapien XT valves in TOF patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation and/or stenosis, using the anchor balloon, buddy wire, and the novel, wire and sheath techniques.