Cadaveric renal transplantation in African-Americans in South Carolina.

The renal transplant program at the MUSC was established in 1968 and is the only transplant center in South Carolina. It serves a large population of African American patients who constitute nearly two-thirds of the waiting list and more than half of all renal transplants. Between 1968-2000, 969 transplants were performed in 906 AA patients. Most received organs from cadaveric donors, while only 99 (10%) of AA patients received living donor transplants. The acceptance of living unrelated donors and the use of laparoscopic nephrectomy have had a negligible impact on living donations in this racial group. Primary disease had little effect on outcome except in diabetics whose mortality was higher. The one-year graft survival rates improved dramatically with the aggressive use of CsA without the use of antibody induction. The overall one- and 5-year graft survival rates improved from 53% and 32%, respectively, in the 1978-1983 era to 87% and 59%, respectively, in the 1993-2001 era. At MUSC, the emphasis has been on reducing mortality due to sepsis by limiting the number of rejections treated particularly in recipients of cadaveric organs. While this has resulted in reduced overall early mortality, it has not adversely affected graft survival. Our experience suggests that while short-term graft survival has improved significantly over the years for AA patients, the long-term outcome still remains relatively unchanged.