Cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder with multisystem involvement, often affecting various organs, including the cardiovascular system. This chapter delves into the intricate relationship between SLE and cardiovascular manifestations, providing a comprehensive overview of the field of cardiorheumatology. The cardiovascular complications associated with SLE encompass a wide spectrum, ranging from traditional risk factors to unique autoimmune-mediated processes. Endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, and increased risk of thrombotic events contribute to the elevated cardiovascular burden observed in SLE patients. This chapter explores the intricate interplay of immune dysregulation, inflammatory pathways, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis in individuals with SLE. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the specific cardiac manifestations of SLE, such as pericarditis, myocarditis, and valvular disease, emphasizing their clinical implications and management strategies. The challenges in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular involvement in SLE patients, as well as the impact of these manifestations on overall morbidity and mortality, are thoroughly discussed.