TY - JOUR
T1 - Diverse modes of action of progesterone and its metabolites
AU - Mahesh, Virendra B.
AU - Brann, Darrell W.
AU - Hendry, Lawrence B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements--This research was supported by research grant HD16688 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD and with support for computer modelling studies from the Georgia Reseach Alliance.
PY - 1996/1
Y1 - 1996/1
N2 - Progesterone and its metabolites have a variety of diverse effects in the brain, uterus, smooth muscle, sperm and the oocyte. The effects include changes in electrophysiological excitability, induction of anesthesia, regulation of gonadotropin secretion, regulation of estrogen receptors, modulation of uterine contractility and induction of acrosome reaction and oocyte maturation. The latency of the effects vary from several seconds to several hours. Thus, it is not surprising that multiple mechanisms of action are involved. The classical mechanism of steroid hormone action of intracellular receptor binding has been supplemented by the possibility of the steroid acting as a transcription factor after the binding of the receptor protein to DNA. Other mechanisms include influence of the steroids on membrane fluidity and acting through other cell signalling systems, membrane receptors and GABA(A) receptors. Of particular interest are multiple mechanisms for the same types of action. For example the effect of progesterone on gondadotropin release is largely exerted via the classical intracellular receptor as well as membrane receptors, whereas 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone-induced LH release occurs via the GABA(A) receptor system. The inhibition of uterine contractility by progesterone is regulated by progesterone receptors while the action of 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone on uterine contractility is regulated by GABA(A) receptors. The regulation of the differences in the pattern of progesterone effects on estrogen receptor dynamics in the anterior pituitary and the uterus in the same animal are also of considerable interest.
AB - Progesterone and its metabolites have a variety of diverse effects in the brain, uterus, smooth muscle, sperm and the oocyte. The effects include changes in electrophysiological excitability, induction of anesthesia, regulation of gonadotropin secretion, regulation of estrogen receptors, modulation of uterine contractility and induction of acrosome reaction and oocyte maturation. The latency of the effects vary from several seconds to several hours. Thus, it is not surprising that multiple mechanisms of action are involved. The classical mechanism of steroid hormone action of intracellular receptor binding has been supplemented by the possibility of the steroid acting as a transcription factor after the binding of the receptor protein to DNA. Other mechanisms include influence of the steroids on membrane fluidity and acting through other cell signalling systems, membrane receptors and GABA(A) receptors. Of particular interest are multiple mechanisms for the same types of action. For example the effect of progesterone on gondadotropin release is largely exerted via the classical intracellular receptor as well as membrane receptors, whereas 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone-induced LH release occurs via the GABA(A) receptor system. The inhibition of uterine contractility by progesterone is regulated by progesterone receptors while the action of 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone on uterine contractility is regulated by GABA(A) receptors. The regulation of the differences in the pattern of progesterone effects on estrogen receptor dynamics in the anterior pituitary and the uterus in the same animal are also of considerable interest.
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U2 - 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00238-3
DO - 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00238-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 8603042
AN - SCOPUS:0029986357
SN - 0960-0760
VL - 56
SP - 209
EP - 219
JO - Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
JF - Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
IS - 1-6
ER -