TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of a ketogenic diet on adipose tissue, liver, and serum biomarkers in sedentary rats and rats that exercised via resisted voluntary wheel running
AU - Holland, Angelia Maleah
AU - Kephart, Wesley C.
AU - Mumford, Petey W.
AU - Mobley, Christopher Brooks
AU - Lowery, Ryan P.
AU - Shake, Joshua J.
AU - Patel, Romil K.
AU - Healy, James C.
AU - McCullough, Danielle J.
AU - Kluess, Heidi A.
AU - Huggins, Kevin W.
AU - Kavazis, Andreas N.
AU - Wilson, Jacob M.
AU - Roberts, Michael D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2016/8
Y1 - 2016/8
N2 - We investigated the effects of different diets on adipose tissue, liver, serum morphology, and biomarkers in rats that voluntarily exercised. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (~9–10 wk of age) exercised with resistanceloaded voluntary running wheels (EX; wheels loaded with 20–60% body mass) or remained sedentary (SED) over 6 wk. EX and SED rats were provided isocaloric amounts of either a ketogenic diet (KD; 20.2%-10.3%-69.5% protein-carbohydrate-fat), a Western diet (WD; 15.2%-42.7–42.0%), or standard chow (SC; 24.0%-58.0%-18.0%); n =8–10 in each diet for SED and EX rats. Following the intervention, body mass and feed efficiency were lowest in KD rats, independent of exercise (P < 0.05). Absolute and relative (body massadjusted) omental adipose tissue (OMAT) masses were greatest in WD rats (P < 0.05), and OMAT adipocyte diameters were lowest in KD-fed rats (P < 0.05). None of the assayed OMAT or subcutaneous (SQ) protein markers were affected by the diets[total acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC), CD36, and CEBPα or phosphorylated NF-κB/ p65, AMPKα, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)], although EX unexpectedly altered some OMAT markers (i.e., higher ACC and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65, and lower phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated HSL). Liver triglycerides were greatest in WD rats (P < 0.05), and liver phosphorylated NF-κB/p65 was lowest in KD rats (P < 0.05). Serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were greater in WD and/or SC rats compared with KD rats (P < 0.05), and serum β-hydroxybutyrate was greater in KD vs. SC rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, KD rats presented a healthier metabolic profile, albeit the employed exercise protocol minimally impacts any potentiating effects that KD has on fat loss.
AB - We investigated the effects of different diets on adipose tissue, liver, serum morphology, and biomarkers in rats that voluntarily exercised. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (~9–10 wk of age) exercised with resistanceloaded voluntary running wheels (EX; wheels loaded with 20–60% body mass) or remained sedentary (SED) over 6 wk. EX and SED rats were provided isocaloric amounts of either a ketogenic diet (KD; 20.2%-10.3%-69.5% protein-carbohydrate-fat), a Western diet (WD; 15.2%-42.7–42.0%), or standard chow (SC; 24.0%-58.0%-18.0%); n =8–10 in each diet for SED and EX rats. Following the intervention, body mass and feed efficiency were lowest in KD rats, independent of exercise (P < 0.05). Absolute and relative (body massadjusted) omental adipose tissue (OMAT) masses were greatest in WD rats (P < 0.05), and OMAT adipocyte diameters were lowest in KD-fed rats (P < 0.05). None of the assayed OMAT or subcutaneous (SQ) protein markers were affected by the diets[total acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC), CD36, and CEBPα or phosphorylated NF-κB/ p65, AMPKα, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)], although EX unexpectedly altered some OMAT markers (i.e., higher ACC and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65, and lower phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated HSL). Liver triglycerides were greatest in WD rats (P < 0.05), and liver phosphorylated NF-κB/p65 was lowest in KD rats (P < 0.05). Serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were greater in WD and/or SC rats compared with KD rats (P < 0.05), and serum β-hydroxybutyrate was greater in KD vs. SC rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, KD rats presented a healthier metabolic profile, albeit the employed exercise protocol minimally impacts any potentiating effects that KD has on fat loss.
KW - Adipose tissue
KW - Exercise
KW - Insulin
KW - Ketogenic diet
KW - Liver
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84984620236&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84984620236&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/ajpregu.00156.2016
DO - 10.1152/ajpregu.00156.2016
M3 - Article
C2 - 27357802
AN - SCOPUS:84984620236
SN - 0363-6119
VL - 311
SP - R337-R351
JO - American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology
IS - 2
ER -