Guggulsterone and bexarotene induce secretion of exosome-associated breast cancer resistance protein and reduce doxorubicin resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells

Ji Na Kong, Qian He, Guanghu Wang, Somsankar Dasgupta, Michael B. Dinkins, Gu Zhu, Austin Kim, Stefka Spassieva, Erhard Bieberich

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

74 Scopus citations

Abstract

Many breast cancer cells acquire multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ABC transporters such as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Here we show that incubation of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with farnesoid X receptor antagonist guggulsterone (gug) and retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (bex) elevated ceramide, a sphingolipid known to induce exosome secretion. The gug+bex combination reduced cellular levels of BCRP to 20% of control cells by inducing its association and secretion with exosomes. Exogenous C6 ceramide also induced secretion of BCRP-associated exosomes, while siRNA-mediated knockdown or GW4869-mediated inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), an enzyme generating ceramide, restored cellular BCRP. Immunocytochemistry showed that ceramide elevation and concurrent loss of cellular BCRP was prominent in Aldefluor-labeled breast cancer stem-like cells. These cells no longer excluded the BCRP substrate Hoechst 33342 and showed caspase activation and apoptosis induction. Consistent with reduced BCRP, ABC transporter assays showed that gug+bex increased doxorubicin retention and that the combination of gug+bex with doxorubicin enhanced cell death by more than fivefold. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism by which ceramide induces BCRP secretion and reduces MDR, which may be useful as adjuvant drug treatment for sensitizing breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells to chemotherapy.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1610-1620
Number of pages11
JournalInternational Journal of Cancer
Volume137
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 1 2015

Keywords

  • bile acid
  • breast cancer resistance protein
  • cancer stem cells
  • doxorubicin
  • exosomes
  • multidrug resistance
  • nuclear receptors
  • sphingolipids

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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