Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition alters the non-coding RNA transcriptome following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Background: Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan and has been shown to minimize rejection in animal models of renal transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable in renal transplantation and correlates with shorter graft survival times. Despite its favorable effects on rejection, there is evidence that IDO may facilitate renal IRI. Differentiating the negative impact of IDO on IRI from its pro-tolerant effects in allograft rejection is of clinical relevance. In these studies we hypothesized that constitutive IDO activity may influence renal genes associated with recovery from IRI, and that IDO inhibition may unmask these effects. Methods: We examined the renal transcriptome in a rat model of IRI with and without IDO inhibition with 1-methyl- d-tryptophan (1-MT), and assessed for alterations in the gene expression signature. Results: These studies demonstrated that during recovery from renal IRI, pre-treatment with 1-MT alleviated alterations in 105 coding sequences associated with IRI, and in turn triggered new changes in 66 non-coding transcripts, the majority of which were represented by small nucleolar RNA. Conclusion: These results suggest a biologic role for non-coding, IDO-dependent genes in regulating the early response to IRI.