Leptin - A growth factor in normal and malignant breast cells and for normal mammary gland development

Xin Hu, Subhash C. Juneja, Nita J. Maihle, Margot P. Cleary

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

409 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. As body weight and fat mass increase, circulating leptin increases. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine that acts through the long form of its receptor, termed OB-Rb. To investigate whether leptin is associated with breast cancer, we determined the expression of OB-Rb in human breast epithelial HBL100 cells and human breast carcinoma-derived T-47D cells, determined whether leptin influenced the proliferation of these cells, and evaluated the structure of mammary tissue in genetically obese leptin-deficient Lepob Lepob and leptin receptor-deficient Leprdb Leprdb mice. Methods: Cell numbers and cell colony formation by HBL100 and T-47D cells were determined by anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth assays. OB-Rb expression was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. Expression of leptin signaling pathway components was evaluated with immunoblot and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Mammary gland development in lean and obese mice was investigated in whole-mount studies. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Leptin enhanced anchorage-dependent proliferation by 138% (95% confidence Interval [CI] = 108% to 169%) in T-47D cells and 50% (95% CI = 38% to 60%) in HBL100 cells. In both cell lines, OB-Rb was expressed, and leptin increased the expression of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and transcript activator protein 1 (AP-1). However, leptin increased anchorage-independent cell growth only in the breast cancer cell line (by 81% [95% CI = 62% to 101 %] compared with untreated cells). Obese Lepob Lepob and Leprdb Leprdb mice had minimal epithelial development in the mature mammary gland compared with their lean counterparts. Conclusions: Leptin appears to be able to control the proliferation of both normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. Consequently, the leptin pathway should be further studied as a target for interventions to treat or prevent breast cancer.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1704-1711
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of the National Cancer Institute
Volume94
Issue number22
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 20 2002
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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