Mifepristone pretreatment overcomes resistance of prostate cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)

Examination of the effects of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) showed higher apoptotic response in LNCaP C4-2, whereas LNCaP were resistant. However, treatment of LNCaP with Mifepristone, an antiprogestin, before TRAIL induced significant apoptosis, similar to the levels observed in LNCaP C4-2. Experiments to determine the reasons for altered response of the cell lines showed no significant differences in death/decoy receptors and caspase-8 activity. However, treatment induced increased truncation of Bid and activation of caspases -9, -7, and -3 in LNCaP C4-2. Time course experiments showed that caspase-8 was activated before the involvement of mitochondrial pathway, and caspase-9 was responsible for activation of caspases -7 and -3. Use of specific caspase inhibitors demonstrated the presence of a short-loop feedback activation of Bid. Published reports suggested that increased phosphorylation of Akt was responsible for resistance of LNCaP to TRAIL. However, no significant differences were noticed in the levels of phosphorylated Akt in TRAIL-resistant LNCaP and TRAIL-sensitive LNCaP C4-2. On the basis of our results, it is suggested that the differences in response of the two cell lines to TRAIL is at the mitochondrial level.