@article{380d3ee4f9e74b6d873d470771968667,
title = "Muscle-Specific Tyrosine Kinase and Myasthenia Gravis Owing to Other Antibodies",
abstract = "Around 20% of patients with myasthenia gravis are acetylcholine receptor antibody negative; muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies (MuSK) were identified as the cause of myasthenia gravis in 30% to 40% of these cases. Anti MuSK myasthenia gravis is associated with specific clinical phenotypes. One is a bulbar form with fewer ocular symptoms. Others show an isolated head drop or symptoms indistinguishable from acetylcholine receptor-positive myasthenia gravis. These patients usually respond well to immunosuppressive therapy, but not as well to cholinesterase inhibitors. Other antibodies associated with myasthenia gravis, including low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, are discussed.",
keywords = "Agrin, Cortactin, LRP4, MuSK, Myasthenia gravis, Rapsyn",
author = "Rivner, {Michael H.} and Mamatha Pasnoor and Dimachkie, {Mazen M.} and Barohn, {Richard J.} and Lin Mei",
note = "Funding Information: Dr M.H. Rivner is on the speaker's bureau for Allergan and has received grants from Allergan, Alexion, Biogen, Cytokinetics, Elan, GlaxoSmithKline, Grifols, and UCB. Dr M. Pasnoo has no disclosures to make. Dr M. Dimachkie is on the speaker's bureau or is a consultant for Alnylam, Baxalta, Catalyst, CSL-Behring, Mallinckrodt, Novartis, and NuFactor. He has also received grants from Alexion, Biomarin, Catalyst, CSL Behring, FDA/OPD, GSK, Grifols, MDA, National Institutes of Health, Novartis, Sanofi, and TMA. Dr R. Barohn is on the speaker's bureau for NuFactor, Grifols Therapeutics Inc, and Plan 365 Inc. He is on the advisory board for CSL Behring GmbH, and has received an honorarium from Option Care. He has received research grants from National Institutes of Health, FDA/OOPD, NINDS, Novartis, Sanofi/Genzyme, Biomarin, IONIS, Teva, Cytokinetics, Eli Lilly, and PTC. Dr L. Mei has a patent with Augusta University on a LRP4 assay. He has received grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Veterans Administration. This work was supported by a CTSA grant from NCATS awarded to the University of Kansas for Frontiers: University of Kansas Clinical and Translational Science Institute (# UL1TR002366) The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or NCATS. Funding Information: Dr M.H. Rivner is on the speaker{\textquoteright}s bureau for Allergan and has received grants from Allergan , Alexion , Biogen , Cytokinetics , Elan , GlaxoSmithKline , Grifols , and UCB . Dr M. Pasnoo has no disclosures to make. Dr M. Dimachkie is on the speaker{\textquoteright}s bureau or is a consultant for Alnylam, Baxalta, Catalyst, CSL-Behring, Mallinckrodt, Novartis, and NuFactor. He has also received grants from Alexion, Biomarin , Catalyst , CSL Behring , FDA / OPD , GSK , Grifols, MDA , National Institutes of Health , Novartis , Sanofi , and TMA . Dr R. Barohn is on the speaker{\textquoteright}s bureau for NuFactor, Grifols Therapeutics Inc, and Plan 365 Inc. He is on the advisory board for CSL Behring GmbH, and has received an honorarium from Option Care . He has received research grants from National Institutes of Health, FDA/ OOPD , NINDS , Novartis, Sanofi/ Genzyme , Biomarin, IONIS , Teva , Cytokinetics , Eli Lilly , and PTC . Dr L. Mei has a patent with Augusta University on a LRP4 assay. He has received grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Veterans Administration . This work was supported by a CTSA grant from NCATS awarded to the University of Kansas for Frontiers: University of Kansas Clinical and Translational Science Institute ( # UL1TR002366 ) The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or NCATS. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/j.ncl.2018.01.004",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "36",
pages = "293--310",
journal = "Neurologic Clinics",
issn = "0733-8619",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "2",
}