Nicotine addiction: Current treatment options

Nicotine addiction is a gripping and multifaceted disease that is increasing in our global population. Nicotine addiction, like other drug addictions, is characterized by compulsive and repetitive use, elicits an abstinence syndrome when it is withdrawn, and is used despite the psychological and physiological negative health consequences to the individual. Researchers are now identifying biochemical, metabolic, genetic, psychological, gender, racial, and environmental factors that support individuals initiating nicotine products and their continued consumption. Smoking cessation efforts are vital to preserve the health of smokers. In 1996, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research published guidelines on smoking cessation interventions for clinicians based on an extensive review of the literature. The treatment options recommended for nicotine addiction include self-help interventions, behavioral modalities, and pharmacologic therapies. Data support that a combination of interventions are commonly more effective than a single approach in treating nicotine addiction. Nurses have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of nicotine addiction in our practice settings and in our communities.