Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a hypopharyngeal mass

Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy derived from skeletal muscle with approximately 40% of cases involving the head and neck. The pleomorphic variant, however, most commonly occurs in the extremities and has never, to our knowledge, been described in the pharynx. Methods A 46-year-old man with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department complaining of hemoptysis. A CT scan of the head and neck revealed a hypopharyngeal mass originally favored to be a benign process. Results Operative endoscopy revealed a previously unseen mucosal ulceration, and subsequent biopsy resulted in the final diagnosis of pleomorphic RMS. Conclusion Although quite rare, RMS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a hypopharyngeal mass. This articleis a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.