Primary Syphilis of the Oral Cavity, a Rare Presentation of a Re-Emerging Disease

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by microaerophilic spirochete Treponema pallidum. After contact, T. pallidum infiltrates the genital or oral mucosa and spreads systemically throughout the blood and lymphatic systems. Syphilis is classified into stages, with varying signs and symptoms associated with each stage. Primary syphilis has an incubation period of up to 90 days following the sexual transmission of T. pallidum, and is characterized by the development of chancres at the site of inoculation. Rarely, primary syphilis presents in the tongue, which can mimic many other conditions that affect the oral cavity. In this article, we discuss a rare oral manifestation of primary syphilis.