TY - JOUR
T1 - Protein kinase D1 deficiency promotes differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes
AU - Choudhary, Vivek
AU - Olala, Lawrence O.
AU - Kaddour-Djebbar, Ismail
AU - Helwa, Inas
AU - Bollag, Wendy B.
N1 - Funding Information:
We appreciate Purnima Merai for assisting with the preparation of primary mouse keratinocytes. The authors are grateful to Dr. Eric N. Olson (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX) for kindly providing us the floxed PKD1 transgenic mouse model and Dr. Alex Toker (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) for providing the PKD constructs used for adenoviral constructs. This study was supported in part by NIH award #R21AR057321 and by VA Merit Award #01CX000590. WBB is supported by a VA Research Career Scientist Award. The contents of this article do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 .
PY - 2014/12/1
Y1 - 2014/12/1
N2 - •Effect of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) deficiency was examined in keratinocytes in vitro.•PKD1 was deleted by infection of floxed keratinocytes with Cre-recombinase adenovirus.•PKD1 gene deletion decreased PKD1 mRNA and protein levels in keratinocytes.•PKD1 deletion stimulated keratinocyte differentiation marker expression.•PKD1 deletion inhibited keratinocyte proliferation. Background: Protein kinase D (PKD or PKD1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has been shown to play a role in a variety of cellular processes; however, the function of PKD1 in the skin has not been fully investigated. The balance between proliferation and differentiation processes in the predominant cells of the epidermis, the keratinocytes, is essential for normal skin function. Objective: To investigate the effect of PKD1 deficiency on proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Methods: We utilized a floxed PKD1 mouse model such that infecting epidermal keratinocytes derived from these mice with an adenovirus expressing Cre-recombinase allowed us to determine the effect of PKD1 gene loss in vitro. Proliferation and differentiation were monitored using qRT-PCR, Western blot, transglutaminase activity assays, [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and cell cycle analysis. Results: A significant decrease in PKD1 mRNA and protein levels was achieved in adenoviral Cre-recombinase-infected cells. Deficiency of PKD1 resulted in significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of various differentiation markers such as loricrin, involucrin, and keratin 10 either basally and/or upon stimulation of differentiation. PKD1-deficient keratinocytes also showed an increase in transglutaminase expression and activity, indicating an anti-differentiative role of PKD1. Furthermore, the PKD1-deficient keratinocytes exhibited decreased proliferation. However, PKD1 loss had no effect on stem cell marker expression. Conclusions: Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown represents an additional approach demonstrating that PKD1 is an anti-differentiative, pro-proliferative signal in mouse keratinocytes.
AB - •Effect of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) deficiency was examined in keratinocytes in vitro.•PKD1 was deleted by infection of floxed keratinocytes with Cre-recombinase adenovirus.•PKD1 gene deletion decreased PKD1 mRNA and protein levels in keratinocytes.•PKD1 deletion stimulated keratinocyte differentiation marker expression.•PKD1 deletion inhibited keratinocyte proliferation. Background: Protein kinase D (PKD or PKD1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has been shown to play a role in a variety of cellular processes; however, the function of PKD1 in the skin has not been fully investigated. The balance between proliferation and differentiation processes in the predominant cells of the epidermis, the keratinocytes, is essential for normal skin function. Objective: To investigate the effect of PKD1 deficiency on proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Methods: We utilized a floxed PKD1 mouse model such that infecting epidermal keratinocytes derived from these mice with an adenovirus expressing Cre-recombinase allowed us to determine the effect of PKD1 gene loss in vitro. Proliferation and differentiation were monitored using qRT-PCR, Western blot, transglutaminase activity assays, [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and cell cycle analysis. Results: A significant decrease in PKD1 mRNA and protein levels was achieved in adenoviral Cre-recombinase-infected cells. Deficiency of PKD1 resulted in significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of various differentiation markers such as loricrin, involucrin, and keratin 10 either basally and/or upon stimulation of differentiation. PKD1-deficient keratinocytes also showed an increase in transglutaminase expression and activity, indicating an anti-differentiative role of PKD1. Furthermore, the PKD1-deficient keratinocytes exhibited decreased proliferation. However, PKD1 loss had no effect on stem cell marker expression. Conclusions: Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown represents an additional approach demonstrating that PKD1 is an anti-differentiative, pro-proliferative signal in mouse keratinocytes.
KW - Differentiation
KW - Keratinocyte
KW - Proliferation
KW - Protein kinase D
KW - Transglutaminase
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84919467811&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84919467811&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.09.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.09.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 25450094
AN - SCOPUS:84919467811
SN - 0923-1811
VL - 76
SP - 186
EP - 195
JO - Journal of Dermatological Science
JF - Journal of Dermatological Science
IS - 3
ER -