Recovering a foundational spirit: The educational thought of Dr. Anna Julia Haywood Cooper

Educator, leader, writer, and social activist, Dr. Anna Julia Haywood Cooper (1858-1964) is one of the most prominent Black women educators of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In her pedagogical work and her personal life, Cooper declared and demonstrated what it means to be an educator, especially a Black woman educator in the South. She believed since race and gender situated Black women in a disadvantaged social position, they embodied a unique knowledge and responsibility for liberatory progress and intellectual advancement of the African American community. In this chapter, the author examines how Cooper's lived experiences during pivotal historical periods and evolutions, including Reconstruction and the Civil Rights Movement, contributed to her philosophies on gender, race, and education and her practices as an educator and leader. Cooper, as an educational theorist, an educator, and a leader, shaped contemporary philosophies and practices of pedagogy that inspire new insights in education.