TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage
T2 - The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study
AU - Howard, George
AU - Cushman, Mary
AU - Howard, Virginia J.
AU - Kissela, Brett M.
AU - Kleindorfer, Dawn O.
AU - Moy, Claudia S.
AU - Switzer, Jeffery
AU - Woo, Daniel
PY - 2013/5
Y1 - 2013/5
N2 - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE-: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been largely identified in case-control studies, with few longitudinal studies available. METHODS-: Predictors of incident ICH among 27 760 black and white participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study were assessed. RESULTS-: There were 62 incident ICH events during an average follow-up of 5.7 years. The increase in risk with age differed substantially between blacks and whites (P=0.006), with a 2.25-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.63-3.12) increase per decade in whites, but no age association with ICH risk in blacks (hazard ratio=1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-1.68). We observed increased risk among men, those with higher systolic blood pressure, and warfarin users. CONCLUSIONS-: The racial differences in the impact of age contributed to a risk of ICH that was >5 times higher for blacks than whites at age 45, but only about one third as great by age 85. Confirming findings from other studies, men participants with elevated systolic blood pressure and warfarin users were also at greater risk. The contributors to the racial differences in ICH risk require additional investigation.
AB - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE-: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been largely identified in case-control studies, with few longitudinal studies available. METHODS-: Predictors of incident ICH among 27 760 black and white participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study were assessed. RESULTS-: There were 62 incident ICH events during an average follow-up of 5.7 years. The increase in risk with age differed substantially between blacks and whites (P=0.006), with a 2.25-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.63-3.12) increase per decade in whites, but no age association with ICH risk in blacks (hazard ratio=1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-1.68). We observed increased risk among men, those with higher systolic blood pressure, and warfarin users. CONCLUSIONS-: The racial differences in the impact of age contributed to a risk of ICH that was >5 times higher for blacks than whites at age 45, but only about one third as great by age 85. Confirming findings from other studies, men participants with elevated systolic blood pressure and warfarin users were also at greater risk. The contributors to the racial differences in ICH risk require additional investigation.
KW - black race
KW - hypertension
KW - intracerebral hemorrhage
KW - risk factors
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U2 - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000529
DO - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000529
M3 - Article
C2 - 23532012
AN - SCOPUS:84876878890
SN - 0039-2499
VL - 44
SP - 1282
EP - 1287
JO - Stroke
JF - Stroke
IS - 5
ER -