Abstract
Purpose: This work was aimed at developing a semi-interpenetrating network (sIPN) co-electrospun gelatin/insulin fiber scaffold (GIF) formulation for transbuccal insulin delivery. Methods: Gelatin was electrospun into fibers and converted into an sIPN following eosin Y-initiated polymerization of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA). The cytocompatibility, degradation rate and mechanical properties were examined in the resulting sIPNs with various ratios of PEG-DA to eosin Y to find a suitable formulation for transbuccal drug delivery. Insulin was co-electrospun with gelatin into fibers and converted into an sIPN-GIF using this suitable formulation. The in vitro release kinetics of insulin was evaluated using ELISA. The bioactivity of released insulin was analyzed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes using Western blotting and Oil Red O staining. The transbuccal permeability of released insulin was determined using an in vitro porcine oral mucosa model. Results: The sIPN-GF formulation of GF cross-linked by PEG-DA (1% w/v) with eosin Y (5% v/v) possessed no cytotoxic effect, a moderate degradation rate with degradation half-life of 49 min, and a significant enhancement in mechanical properties. This formulation was used to fabricate sIPN-GIF. Insulin release was extended up to 4 h by sIPN-GIF. The released insulin successfully triggered intracellular AKT phosphorylation and induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The transbuccal permeability of released insulin was determined on the order of 10-7 cm/s. Conclusions: Insulin can be fabricated into an sIPN-GIF formulation following co-electrospinning and cross-linking without losing bioactivity. It proved the potential of this new formulation for transbuccal insulin delivery.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 275-285 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Pharmaceutical Research |
Volume | 32 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 2015 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- electrospun gelatin fiber
- insulin
- semi-interpenetrating network
- transbuccal delivery
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biotechnology
- Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Organic Chemistry
- Pharmacology (medical)