TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex and gender differences in hypertensive kidney injury
AU - Sullivan, Jennifer C.
AU - Gillis, Ellen E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants 127091-02 and 134604-01 (to J. C. Sullivan) and American Heart Association Grant 17EIA33410565 (to J. C. Sullivan).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2017/10/9
Y1 - 2017/10/9
N2 - Hypertension is a complex, multifaceted disorder, affecting ~1 in 3 adults in the United States. Although hypertension occurs in both men and women, there are distinct sex differences in the way in which they develop hypertension, with women having a lower incidence of hypertension until the sixth decade of life. Despite observed sex differences in hypertension, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension in females, primarily because of their underrepresentation in both clinical and experimental animal studies. The first goal of this review is to provide a concise overview of the participation of women in clinical trials, including a discussion of the importance of including females in basic science research, as recently mandated by the National Institutes of Health. The remaining portion of the review is dedicated to identifying clinical and experimental animal studies that concentrate on gender and sex differences in hypertensive kidney disease, ending with a proposed role for T cells in mediating sex differences in blood pressure.
AB - Hypertension is a complex, multifaceted disorder, affecting ~1 in 3 adults in the United States. Although hypertension occurs in both men and women, there are distinct sex differences in the way in which they develop hypertension, with women having a lower incidence of hypertension until the sixth decade of life. Despite observed sex differences in hypertension, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension in females, primarily because of their underrepresentation in both clinical and experimental animal studies. The first goal of this review is to provide a concise overview of the participation of women in clinical trials, including a discussion of the importance of including females in basic science research, as recently mandated by the National Institutes of Health. The remaining portion of the review is dedicated to identifying clinical and experimental animal studies that concentrate on gender and sex differences in hypertensive kidney disease, ending with a proposed role for T cells in mediating sex differences in blood pressure.
KW - Angiotensin type 2 receptor
KW - Blood pressure
KW - Renin-angiotensin system
KW - T cells
KW - T regulatory cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85031310154&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85031310154&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/ajprenal.00206.2017
DO - 10.1152/ajprenal.00206.2017
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28724606
AN - SCOPUS:85031310154
SN - 0363-6127
VL - 313
SP - F1009-F1017
JO - American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology
IS - 4
ER -