TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in astrocyte and microglia responses immediately following middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice
AU - Morrison, Helena W.
AU - Filosa, Jessica A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 IBRO
PY - 2016/12/17
Y1 - 2016/12/17
N2 - Epidemiological studies report that infarct size is decreased and stroke outcomes are improved in young females when compared to males. However, mechanistic insight is lacking. We posit that sex-specific differences in glial cell functions occurring immediately after ischemic stroke are a source of dichotomous outcomes. In this study we assessed astrocyte Ca2+ dynamics, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) polarity, S100β expression pattern, as well as, microglia morphology and phagocytic marker CD11b in male and female mice following 60 min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. We reveal sex differences in the frequency of intracellular astrocyte Ca2+ elevations (F(1,86) = 8.19, P = 0.005) and microglia volume (F(1,40) = 12.47, P = 0.009) immediately following MCA occlusion in acute brain slices. Measured in fixed tissue, AQP4 polarity was disrupted (F(5,86) = 3.30, P = 0.009) and the area of non-S100β immunoreactivity increased in ipsilateral brain regions after 60 min of MCA occlusion (F(5,86) = 4.72, P = 0.007). However, astrocyte changes were robust in male mice when compared to females. Additional sex differences were discovered regarding microglia phagocytic receptor CD11b. In sham mice, constitutively high CD11b immunofluorescence was observed in females when compared to males (P = 0.03). When compared to sham, only male mice exhibited an increase in CD11b immunoreactivity after MCA occlusion (P = 0.006). We posit that a sex difference in the presence of constitutive CD11b has a role in determining male and female microglia phagocytic responses to ischemia. Taken together, these findings are critical to understanding potential sex differences in glial physiology as well as stroke pathobiology which are foundational for the development of future sex-specific stroke therapies.
AB - Epidemiological studies report that infarct size is decreased and stroke outcomes are improved in young females when compared to males. However, mechanistic insight is lacking. We posit that sex-specific differences in glial cell functions occurring immediately after ischemic stroke are a source of dichotomous outcomes. In this study we assessed astrocyte Ca2+ dynamics, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) polarity, S100β expression pattern, as well as, microglia morphology and phagocytic marker CD11b in male and female mice following 60 min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. We reveal sex differences in the frequency of intracellular astrocyte Ca2+ elevations (F(1,86) = 8.19, P = 0.005) and microglia volume (F(1,40) = 12.47, P = 0.009) immediately following MCA occlusion in acute brain slices. Measured in fixed tissue, AQP4 polarity was disrupted (F(5,86) = 3.30, P = 0.009) and the area of non-S100β immunoreactivity increased in ipsilateral brain regions after 60 min of MCA occlusion (F(5,86) = 4.72, P = 0.007). However, astrocyte changes were robust in male mice when compared to females. Additional sex differences were discovered regarding microglia phagocytic receptor CD11b. In sham mice, constitutively high CD11b immunofluorescence was observed in females when compared to males (P = 0.03). When compared to sham, only male mice exhibited an increase in CD11b immunoreactivity after MCA occlusion (P = 0.006). We posit that a sex difference in the presence of constitutive CD11b has a role in determining male and female microglia phagocytic responses to ischemia. Taken together, these findings are critical to understanding potential sex differences in glial physiology as well as stroke pathobiology which are foundational for the development of future sex-specific stroke therapies.
KW - CD11B
KW - S100β
KW - aquaporin 4
KW - calcium
KW - ischemic stroke
KW - microglia morphology
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.047
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.047
M3 - Article
C2 - 27717807
AN - SCOPUS:84991824161
SN - 0306-4522
VL - 339
SP - 85
EP - 99
JO - Neuroscience
JF - Neuroscience
ER -