TY - JOUR
T1 - Systemic levels of estrogens and PGE2 synthesis in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer risk
AU - Kim, Sangmi
AU - Campbell, Jeff
AU - Yoo, Wonsuk
AU - Taylor, Jack A.
AU - Sandler, Dale P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Association for Cancer Research.
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Background: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces aromatase expression in adipose tissue, leading to increased estrogen production that may promote the development and progression of breast cancer. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated systemic levels of PGE2 and estrogen in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Methods: Here, we determined urinary estrogen metabolites (EM) using mass spectrometry in a case-cohort study (295 incident breast cancer cases and 294 subcohort members), and using linear regression estimated the effect of urinary levels of a major PGE2 metabolite (PGE-M) on EMs. HRs for the risk of developing breast cancer in relation to PGE-M and EMs were compared between Cox regression models with and without mutual adjustment. Results: PGE-M was a significant predictor of estrone (E1), but not estradiol (E2) levels in multivariable analysis. Elevated E2 levels were associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer [HRQ5vs.Q1, 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-2.35], and this association remained unchanged after adjustment for PGE-M (HRQ5vs.Q1, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.99-2.33). Similarly, elevated levels of PGE-M were associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer (HRQ4vs.Q1, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.01-4.29), and this association was only nominally changed after consideration of E1 or E2 levels. Conclusions: Urinary levels of PGE-M and estrogens were independently associated with future risk of developing breast cancer among these postmenopausal women. Impact: Increased breast cancer risk associated with PGE-M might not be fully explained by the estrogens-breast cancer association alone but also byadditionaleffects related toinflammation.
AB - Background: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces aromatase expression in adipose tissue, leading to increased estrogen production that may promote the development and progression of breast cancer. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated systemic levels of PGE2 and estrogen in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Methods: Here, we determined urinary estrogen metabolites (EM) using mass spectrometry in a case-cohort study (295 incident breast cancer cases and 294 subcohort members), and using linear regression estimated the effect of urinary levels of a major PGE2 metabolite (PGE-M) on EMs. HRs for the risk of developing breast cancer in relation to PGE-M and EMs were compared between Cox regression models with and without mutual adjustment. Results: PGE-M was a significant predictor of estrone (E1), but not estradiol (E2) levels in multivariable analysis. Elevated E2 levels were associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer [HRQ5vs.Q1, 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-2.35], and this association remained unchanged after adjustment for PGE-M (HRQ5vs.Q1, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.99-2.33). Similarly, elevated levels of PGE-M were associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer (HRQ4vs.Q1, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.01-4.29), and this association was only nominally changed after consideration of E1 or E2 levels. Conclusions: Urinary levels of PGE-M and estrogens were independently associated with future risk of developing breast cancer among these postmenopausal women. Impact: Increased breast cancer risk associated with PGE-M might not be fully explained by the estrogens-breast cancer association alone but also byadditionaleffects related toinflammation.
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U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0556
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0556
M3 - Article
C2 - 27864342
AN - SCOPUS:85014519164
SN - 1055-9965
VL - 26
SP - 383
EP - 388
JO - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
IS - 3
ER -