TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of fluoridated and non-fluoridated rewetting agents on in vitro recurrent caries
AU - Itthagarun, Anut
AU - King, Nigel M.
AU - Wefel, James S.
AU - Tay, Franklin R.
AU - Pashley, David H.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Y.Y. Chui, Shadow Yeung of the Hard Tissue Laboratory, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, and Amy Wong of the Electron Microscopy Unit, The University of Hong Kong for their technical assistance. This study was supported, in part, by CRC grant 10202534 from The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (to AI, NMK and FRT), by grant DE11134 from NIDCR (to JSW) and by grant DE 06427 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, USA (to DHP). The authors are grateful to Zinnia Pang and Michelle Burnside for secretarial support.
Copyright:
Copyright 2005 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.
PY - 2001/5
Y1 - 2001/5
N2 - Objective: This study examined the in vitro caries inhibiting potential of fluoridated and non-fluoridated rewetting agents that are applied to acid-etched enamel and dentine before the use of a water-free, dentine adhesive. Materials and methods: Twelve caries-free premolars were divided into three groups of four teeth each. 2 × 3 × 1.5 mm cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth, with half of the cavosurface margin in enamel and half in root dentine. In Group I (control), One-Step (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) was applied without etching or rewetting agents. In Group II, cavities were acid-etched, rinsed, dried, and rewetted with Aqua-Prep (Bisco), a non-fluoridated rewetting agent, and then bonded with One-Step. Treatment for Group III was similar to Group II, except that Aqua-Prep F (Bisco), a fluoridated rewetting agent was used. Bonded cavities were restored with a non-fluoride-containing flowable composite (ÆliteFlo, Bisco). Artificial carious lesions were induced in these specimens, from which multiple 100 ± 20 μm thick longitudinal sections were prepared, yielding 16 specimens per group for evaluation with polarised light microscopy (PLM) and microradiography (MRG). Representative sections were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination and scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (STEM/EDX) analyses. Results: The differences in demineralisation of dentine among the groups were not statistically significant for 'relative' lesion depth (p > 0.05, ANOVA, Student-Neuman-Keuls test), but highly significant for 'relative' lesion area (p < 0.001). Wall lesions were consistently present in Group I, while inhibition zones were invariably observed in Group III. 87.5% of Group II specimens exhibited neither wall lesion nor inhibition zone. TEM showed that remnant dentine apatite crystallites within the inhibition zones in Group III were larger and denser than those present within the corresponding wall lesions. STEM/EDX analyses confirmed the presence of calcium, phosphorus and fluorine in these plate-like crystallites. Conclusion: When used with a water-free, single-bottle dentine adhesive, a non-fluoridated rewetting agent is able to reduce, but cannot completely prevent recurrent caries. The use of a fluoridated rewetting agent is useful under the situation when microleakage occurs, by providing the additional benefit of fluoride-induced demineralisation inhibition.
AB - Objective: This study examined the in vitro caries inhibiting potential of fluoridated and non-fluoridated rewetting agents that are applied to acid-etched enamel and dentine before the use of a water-free, dentine adhesive. Materials and methods: Twelve caries-free premolars were divided into three groups of four teeth each. 2 × 3 × 1.5 mm cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth, with half of the cavosurface margin in enamel and half in root dentine. In Group I (control), One-Step (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) was applied without etching or rewetting agents. In Group II, cavities were acid-etched, rinsed, dried, and rewetted with Aqua-Prep (Bisco), a non-fluoridated rewetting agent, and then bonded with One-Step. Treatment for Group III was similar to Group II, except that Aqua-Prep F (Bisco), a fluoridated rewetting agent was used. Bonded cavities were restored with a non-fluoride-containing flowable composite (ÆliteFlo, Bisco). Artificial carious lesions were induced in these specimens, from which multiple 100 ± 20 μm thick longitudinal sections were prepared, yielding 16 specimens per group for evaluation with polarised light microscopy (PLM) and microradiography (MRG). Representative sections were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination and scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (STEM/EDX) analyses. Results: The differences in demineralisation of dentine among the groups were not statistically significant for 'relative' lesion depth (p > 0.05, ANOVA, Student-Neuman-Keuls test), but highly significant for 'relative' lesion area (p < 0.001). Wall lesions were consistently present in Group I, while inhibition zones were invariably observed in Group III. 87.5% of Group II specimens exhibited neither wall lesion nor inhibition zone. TEM showed that remnant dentine apatite crystallites within the inhibition zones in Group III were larger and denser than those present within the corresponding wall lesions. STEM/EDX analyses confirmed the presence of calcium, phosphorus and fluorine in these plate-like crystallites. Conclusion: When used with a water-free, single-bottle dentine adhesive, a non-fluoridated rewetting agent is able to reduce, but cannot completely prevent recurrent caries. The use of a fluoridated rewetting agent is useful under the situation when microleakage occurs, by providing the additional benefit of fluoride-induced demineralisation inhibition.
KW - Fluoride rewetting agent
KW - Microradiography
KW - Polarised light microscopy
KW - Recurrent caries
KW - STEM/EDX
KW - TEM
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U2 - 10.1016/S0300-5712(01)00014-8
DO - 10.1016/S0300-5712(01)00014-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 11525227
AN - SCOPUS:0035346347
SN - 0300-5712
VL - 29
SP - 255
EP - 273
JO - Journal of Dentistry
JF - Journal of Dentistry
IS - 4
ER -