TY - JOUR
T1 - The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes
T2 - A cross-sectional study
AU - Pflipsen, Matthew C.
AU - Oh, Robert C.
AU - Saguil, Aaron
AU - Seehusen, Dean A.
AU - Topolski, Richard
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2009/9
Y1 - 2009/9
N2 - Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in a type 2 diabetic population within a primary care practice. Metformin use and advanced age are associated with vitamin B 12 deficiency and often present in type 2 diabetic patients, yet the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the diabetic population is unknown. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 203 outpatient type 2 diabetic patients at a large military primary care clinic. Patients completed a survey and had B12 levels measured. Patients with borderline B 12 levels also had methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels drawn. Serum B12 levels <100 pg/mL or serum B12 levels of 100 to 350 pg/mL with elevation of serum methylmalonic acid >243 nmol/L or homocysteine >11.9 nmol/L defined B12 deficiency. Descriptive statistics described frequency and means. χ2 and student's t tests were used to analyze associations between categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate logistical regression identified covariates independently associated with B12 deficiency. Results: Twenty-two percent (n = 44) of diabetic patients had metabolically confirmed B12 deficiency. Patients on metformin had lower serum B12 levels (425.99 pg/mL vs 527.49 pg/mL; P = .012) and were at increased risk for B12 deficiency (P = .04), as defined by a serum B12 level <350 pg/mL. Prevalence of B12 deficiency was significantly lower for patients using a multivitamin (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.63). Conclusions: Our results found a 22% prevalence of metabolically confirmed B12 deficiency in the primary care type 2 diabetic population. Although further research needs to be performed to determine the clinical implications of our findings, B12 deficiency should be considered in type 2 diabetic patients, especially those taking metformin. Furthermore, a daily multivitamin may protect against B12 deficiency.
AB - Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in a type 2 diabetic population within a primary care practice. Metformin use and advanced age are associated with vitamin B 12 deficiency and often present in type 2 diabetic patients, yet the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the diabetic population is unknown. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 203 outpatient type 2 diabetic patients at a large military primary care clinic. Patients completed a survey and had B12 levels measured. Patients with borderline B 12 levels also had methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels drawn. Serum B12 levels <100 pg/mL or serum B12 levels of 100 to 350 pg/mL with elevation of serum methylmalonic acid >243 nmol/L or homocysteine >11.9 nmol/L defined B12 deficiency. Descriptive statistics described frequency and means. χ2 and student's t tests were used to analyze associations between categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate logistical regression identified covariates independently associated with B12 deficiency. Results: Twenty-two percent (n = 44) of diabetic patients had metabolically confirmed B12 deficiency. Patients on metformin had lower serum B12 levels (425.99 pg/mL vs 527.49 pg/mL; P = .012) and were at increased risk for B12 deficiency (P = .04), as defined by a serum B12 level <350 pg/mL. Prevalence of B12 deficiency was significantly lower for patients using a multivitamin (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.63). Conclusions: Our results found a 22% prevalence of metabolically confirmed B12 deficiency in the primary care type 2 diabetic population. Although further research needs to be performed to determine the clinical implications of our findings, B12 deficiency should be considered in type 2 diabetic patients, especially those taking metformin. Furthermore, a daily multivitamin may protect against B12 deficiency.
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U2 - 10.3122/jabfm.2009.05.090044
DO - 10.3122/jabfm.2009.05.090044
M3 - Article
C2 - 19734399
AN - SCOPUS:70349094438
SN - 1557-2625
VL - 22
SP - 528
EP - 534
JO - Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
JF - Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
IS - 5
ER -