TY - JOUR
T1 - Tracheal Size Variability is Associated with Sex
T2 - Implications for Endotracheal Tube Selection
AU - Karmakar, Arunabha
AU - Pate, Mariah B.
AU - Solowski, Nancy L.
AU - Postma, Gregory N.
AU - Weinberger, Paul M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2014.
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - Purpose: Whereas selection of endotracheal tube (ETT) size in pediatric patients benefits from predictive nomograms, adult ETT sizing is relatively arbitrary. We sought to determine associations between cervical tracheal cross-sectional area (CTCSA) and clinical variables. Methods: One hundred thirty-two consecutive patients undergoing noncontrasted chest computed tomography (CT) at a single tertiary care institution from January 2010 to June 2011 were reviewed. Patients with improper CT technique, endotracheal intubation, and pulmonary/tracheal pathology were excluded. Tracheal luminal diameters in anteroposterior (D1) and transverse (D2) were measured 2 cm inferior to the cricoid and used to determine CTCSA = π∗D1∗D2∗1/4. The demographic variables of age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were tested for association with CTCSA by Spearman correlation. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare CTCSA by race and sex. Multivariate linear regression was performed including all clinical variables. Results: There were 91 patients who met inclusion criteria. There was no correlation between age, weight, or BMI and CTCSA. There was a significant positive correlation between patient height and CTCSA (P =.001, R = 0.35); however, this was confounded by sex. Female patients had significantly smaller CTCSA (mean = 241 mm2) compared to male patients (mean = 349 mm2, P <.001). Multivariate linear regression stratified by sex revealed that height is correlated with CTCSA only in males (P =.028). Males also had more variability in CTCSA (SD 118.6) compared to females (SD 65.5). Conclusion: Our data suggest that selection of ETT size in male patients should include height as a predictive factor. For female patients, it may be appropriate to select a uniformly smaller diameter ETT size.
AB - Purpose: Whereas selection of endotracheal tube (ETT) size in pediatric patients benefits from predictive nomograms, adult ETT sizing is relatively arbitrary. We sought to determine associations between cervical tracheal cross-sectional area (CTCSA) and clinical variables. Methods: One hundred thirty-two consecutive patients undergoing noncontrasted chest computed tomography (CT) at a single tertiary care institution from January 2010 to June 2011 were reviewed. Patients with improper CT technique, endotracheal intubation, and pulmonary/tracheal pathology were excluded. Tracheal luminal diameters in anteroposterior (D1) and transverse (D2) were measured 2 cm inferior to the cricoid and used to determine CTCSA = π∗D1∗D2∗1/4. The demographic variables of age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were tested for association with CTCSA by Spearman correlation. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare CTCSA by race and sex. Multivariate linear regression was performed including all clinical variables. Results: There were 91 patients who met inclusion criteria. There was no correlation between age, weight, or BMI and CTCSA. There was a significant positive correlation between patient height and CTCSA (P =.001, R = 0.35); however, this was confounded by sex. Female patients had significantly smaller CTCSA (mean = 241 mm2) compared to male patients (mean = 349 mm2, P <.001). Multivariate linear regression stratified by sex revealed that height is correlated with CTCSA only in males (P =.028). Males also had more variability in CTCSA (SD 118.6) compared to females (SD 65.5). Conclusion: Our data suggest that selection of ETT size in male patients should include height as a predictive factor. For female patients, it may be appropriate to select a uniformly smaller diameter ETT size.
KW - airway management
KW - intratracheal intubation
KW - trachea
KW - tracheal stenosis
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U2 - 10.1177/0003489414549154
DO - 10.1177/0003489414549154
M3 - Article
C2 - 25305266
AN - SCOPUS:84925285330
SN - 0003-4894
VL - 124
SP - 132
EP - 136
JO - Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology
JF - Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology
IS - 2
ER -