Cardiovascular problems in dialysis patients: impact on survival.

Cardiovascular diseases, in their broad spectrum, are collectively the major cause of death in patients on dialysis. The population of patients treated with peritoneal and hemodialysis are not only subject to the traditional risk factors for heart disease, but also to certain uremia-associated risk factors that are unique in this population. Limited data are available on the effectiveness of routine interventions on cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. Because most dialysis patients are excluded from clinical trials, data from randomized controlled trials regarding outcomes in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are almost absent. The present review discusses some of the major cardiovascular problems in the dialysis population, the impact of those problems on survival, and the available therapeutic strategies.