Constitutive production of NF-κB2 p52 is not tumorigenic but predisposes mice to inflammatory autoimmune disease by repressing Bim expression

Normal development of the immune system requires regulated processing of NF-κB2 p100 to p52, which activates NF-κB2 signaling. Constitutive production of p52 has been suggested as a major mechanism underlying lymphomagenesis induced by NF-κB2 mutations, which occur recurrently in a variety of human lymphoid malignancies. To test the hypothesis, we generated transgenic mice with targeted expression of p52 in lymphocytes. In contrast to their counterparts expressing the tumor-derived NF-κB2 mutant p80HT, which develop predominantly B cell tumors, p52 transgenic mice are not prone to lymphomagenesis. However, they are predisposed to inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan infiltration of activated lymphocytes, high levels of autoantibodies in the serum, and immune complex glomerulonephritis. p52, but not p80HT, represses Bim expression, leading to defects in apoptotic processes critical for elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes and control of immune response. These findings reveal distinct signaling pathways for actions of NF-κB2 mutants and p52 and suggest a causal role for sustained NF-κB2 activation in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.