Dosimetric Characterization of Photobiomodulation Devices at 660nm and 810nm for Clinical Applications in Dentistry

Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and near-infrared light (600-1, 100nm) as a noninvasive treatment in dentistry. Effective PBM therapy relies on understanding dosimetry variables like energy, focal spot size, irradiation, fluence rate, light distribution, and tissue interaction. This study evaluates FDA-approved PBM devices at 660nm and 810nm wavelengths, focusing on these parameters in clinical settings to enhance the effectiveness of PBM therapy and guide future protocols. Light distribution measurements were taken in a heterogeneous medium using an isotropic detector at distances from 0 to 30 mm. Both linear and nonlinear wavelength fitting algorithms assessed optical parameters, such as light absorption (µa), scattering (µ's), and effective attenuation (µ-eff). The fluence rate was calculated in mW/cm², and data analysis will determine the mean and standard deviation for each wavelength. Results indicate marked differences in light distribution between 660nm and 810nm devices. Variations in fluence rates may affect tissue interaction and therapeutic outcomes. This study highlights the need for tailored device settings based on clinical context and target tissue to improve dental PBM protocols. Future research should link these dosimetry results with clinical outcomes for enhanced treatment precision.