Effects of dietary lipid saturation on prolactin secretion, carcinogen metabolism and mammary carcinogenesis in rats

Isoenergetic diets containing 20% corn oil, 20% beef tallow, or an equal mixture of 10% of corn oil and 10% beef tallow (mixed fat) were fed to 30 rats per diet for 28 weeks following weaning. DMBA [7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene] was administered (1.75 mg/100 g body weight) in a single oral dose after 4 weeks of feeding. After 28 weeks, 70% of the rats fed corn oil had mammary tumors versus 47% for mixed fat and 30% for tallow. Diet had no effect on the number of tumors per tumor-bearing rat or the proportion of tumors that were adenocarcinomas. Other rats assigned to each of the three diets were killed at the time corresponding to DMBA administration for examination of hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity and cytochrome P-450 content were higher in rats fed corn oil or mixed fat rather than tallow. However, no significant differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, glutathione transferase, and uridine-diphosphoglucuronide transferase activities were observed. The effects of dietary fat saturation on enzyme activity failed to show a clear association with DMBA carcinogenesis. In other rats assigned to the three dietary treatments for 4 or 16 weeks, lipid saturation did not change serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations during diestrus or proestrus. PRL secretion was examined following a provocative stimulus (perphenazine) in rats fed the experimental diets for 4 or 10-22 weeks. Although perphenazine increased serum PRL and depleted the pituitary of PRL, differences in dietary lipid saturation caused no significant changes in these indices. These data show that the incidence of mammary tumors in rats fed high fat diets (20% by weight) was greater in those fed corn oil compared to beef tallow. The effect of dietary lipid source on tumorigenesis was not associated with changes in carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme activity or PRL secretion.