Efficacy of the enamel matrix derivative in direct pulp capping procedures: A systematic review

The aim was to review the efficacy of the enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in direct pulp capping (DPC) procedures. Databases were explored using the following keywords: 'dental', 'dentine', 'enamel matrix derivative', 'pulp capping' and 'treatment'. The inclusion criteria were: (i) original studies; (ii) human and animal studies; (iii) reference list of potentially relevant original and review articles; (iv) intervention: effect of EMD on pulp-capping procedures; and (v) articles published only in English. Eight studies (four human and four animal) were included. Among the human studies, two studies reported that EMD is a more efficient DPC procedure compared with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂). One study reported Ca(OH)₂ to be more efficient for DPC than EMD. One study reported no difference in the efficacies between EMD and Ca(OH)₂ for DPC. All animal studies reported EMD to be more effective in reparative dentine formation in comparison with Ca(OH)₂. EMD can provide favourable results in DPC procedures.