Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in "High-Risk" Surgical Patients: Comparison of Open and Endovascular Repair

Objective: To evaluate the early results of endovascular grafting for high-risk surgical candidates in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Summary Background Data: Since the approval of endoluminal grafts for treatment of AAA, endovascular repair of AAA (EVAR) has expanded to include patients originally considered too ill for open AAA repair. However, some concern has been expressed regarding technical failure and the durability of endovascular grafts. Methods: The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Computerized Vascular Registry identified all patients who underwent abdominal aneurysm repair between January 1,2000, and June 12, 2002. Patients were stratified by type of repair (open AAA vs. EVAR) and were classified as low risk or high risk. Patients with at least one of the following classifications were classified as high risk: age more than 80 years, chronic renal failure (creatinine > 2.0), compromised cardiac function (diminished ventricular function or severe coronary artery disease), poor pulmonary function, reoperative aortic procedure, a "hostile" abdomen, or an emergency operation. Death, systemic complications, and length of stay were tabulated for each group. Results: During this 28-month period, 404 patients underwent AAA repair at UAB. Eighteen patients (4.5%) died within 30 days of their repair or during the same hospitalization. Two hundred seventeen patients (53%) were classified as high risk. Two hundred fifty-nine patients (64%) underwent EVAR repair, and 130 (50%) of these were considered high-risk patients (including four emergency procedures). One hundred forty-five patients (36%) underwent open AAA repair, including 15 emergency operations. All deaths occurred in the high-risk group: 12 (8.3%) died after open AAA repair and 6 (2.3%) died after EVAR repair, Postoperative length of stay was shorter for EVAR repair compared to open AAA. Conclusions: High-risk and low-risk patients can undergo EVAR repair with a lower rate of short-term systemic complications and a shorter length of stay compared to open AAA. Despite concern regarding the durability of EVAR, high-risk patients should be evaluated for EVAR repair before committing to open AAA repair.