Effects of 7-day ketone ingestion and a physiological workload on postural stability, cognitive, and muscular exertion measures in professional firefighters

Harish Chander; Matthew J. McAllister; Angelia M. Holland; Hunter S. Waldman; Benjamin M. Krings; Jonathan C. Swain; Alana J. Turner; Steven A. Basham; John Eric W. Smith; Adam C. Knight

doi:10.3390/safety5010015

Effects of 7-day ketone ingestion and a physiological workload on postural stability, cognitive, and muscular exertion measures in professional firefighters

Harish Chander, Matthew J. McAllister, Angelia M. Holland, Hunter S. Waldman, Benjamin M. Krings, Jonathan C. Swain, Alana J. Turner, Steven A. Basham, John Eric W. Smith, Adam C. Knight

Kinesiology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Postural stability and cognitive performance are challenged in firefighters.The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of 7-day ketone supplementation onpostural stability, cognitive performance, and muscular activation before and after a physiologicalworkload. Methods: Nine professional firefighters completed two experimental sessions (preand post-workload) in a counterbalanced, double-blind design. Participants ingested either aketone salt (KS) or placebo (PLA) daily for seven days, and had an eighth ingestion 30 min priorto testing. Each experimental testing consisted of maximal voluntary contractions (MVIC) forfour muscles (knee flexors-BF, extensor-VM, ankle dorsiflexors-TA, and plantar flexors-MG)using electromyography and postural stability testing (eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and eyesopen-dual-task using a FitLight™ system (EOT)), before (pre-workload) and after (post-workload)a simulated physiological workload. The workload consisted of 35 min steady state exerciseat 60% of peak oxygen consumption wearing firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE).Results: Significant differences were limited to time effects (pre-workload vs. post-workload),with no differences between groups (KS vs. PLA). Significantly lower muscle activity in VM,TA, and MG during MVIC, greater postural sway and muscle activity in BF during EC and EOT,and slower response time during EOT were evident post-workload. Conclusions: A 7-day ketonesupplementation does not impact postural stability, muscle activity, and cognitive tasks, but afatiguing workload causes significant performance reduction.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	15
Journal	Safety
Volume	5
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5010015
State	Published - 2019

Keywords

Body balance
Firefighters
Ketones
Muscular exertion
Postural stability
Response times

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Safety Research

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/safety5010015

Cite this

Chander, H., McAllister, M. J., Holland, A. M., Waldman, H. S., Krings, B. M., Swain, J. C., Turner, A. J., Basham, S. A., Smith, J. E. W., & Knight, A. C. (2019). Effects of 7-day ketone ingestion and a physiological workload on postural stability, cognitive, and muscular exertion measures in professional firefighters. Safety, 5(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5010015

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title = "Effects of 7-day ketone ingestion and a physiological workload on postural stability, cognitive, and muscular exertion measures in professional firefighters",

abstract = "Background: Postural stability and cognitive performance are challenged in firefighters.The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of 7-day ketone supplementation onpostural stability, cognitive performance, and muscular activation before and after a physiologicalworkload. Methods: Nine professional firefighters completed two experimental sessions (preand post-workload) in a counterbalanced, double-blind design. Participants ingested either aketone salt (KS) or placebo (PLA) daily for seven days, and had an eighth ingestion 30 min priorto testing. Each experimental testing consisted of maximal voluntary contractions (MVIC) forfour muscles (knee flexors-BF, extensor-VM, ankle dorsiflexors-TA, and plantar flexors-MG)using electromyography and postural stability testing (eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and eyesopen-dual-task using a FitLight{\texttrademark} system (EOT)), before (pre-workload) and after (post-workload)a simulated physiological workload. The workload consisted of 35 min steady state exerciseat 60% of peak oxygen consumption wearing firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE).Results: Significant differences were limited to time effects (pre-workload vs. post-workload),with no differences between groups (KS vs. PLA). Significantly lower muscle activity in VM,TA, and MG during MVIC, greater postural sway and muscle activity in BF during EC and EOT,and slower response time during EOT were evident post-workload. Conclusions: A 7-day ketonesupplementation does not impact postural stability, muscle activity, and cognitive tasks, but afatiguing workload causes significant performance reduction.",

keywords = "Body balance, Firefighters, Ketones, Muscular exertion, Postural stability, Response times",

author = "Harish Chander and McAllister, {Matthew J.} and Holland, {Angelia M.} and Waldman, {Hunter S.} and Krings, {Benjamin M.} and Swain, {Jonathan C.} and Turner, {Alana J.} and Basham, {Steven A.} and Smith, {John Eric W.} and Knight, {Adam C.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by The Authors.",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.3390/safety5010015",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "5",

journal = "Safety",

issn = "2313-576X",

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T1 - Effects of 7-day ketone ingestion and a physiological workload on postural stability, cognitive, and muscular exertion measures in professional firefighters

AU - Chander, Harish

AU - McAllister, Matthew J.

AU - Holland, Angelia M.

AU - Waldman, Hunter S.

AU - Krings, Benjamin M.

AU - Swain, Jonathan C.

AU - Turner, Alana J.

AU - Basham, Steven A.

AU - Smith, John Eric W.

AU - Knight, Adam C.

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Background: Postural stability and cognitive performance are challenged in firefighters.The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of 7-day ketone supplementation onpostural stability, cognitive performance, and muscular activation before and after a physiologicalworkload. Methods: Nine professional firefighters completed two experimental sessions (preand post-workload) in a counterbalanced, double-blind design. Participants ingested either aketone salt (KS) or placebo (PLA) daily for seven days, and had an eighth ingestion 30 min priorto testing. Each experimental testing consisted of maximal voluntary contractions (MVIC) forfour muscles (knee flexors-BF, extensor-VM, ankle dorsiflexors-TA, and plantar flexors-MG)using electromyography and postural stability testing (eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and eyesopen-dual-task using a FitLight™ system (EOT)), before (pre-workload) and after (post-workload)a simulated physiological workload. The workload consisted of 35 min steady state exerciseat 60% of peak oxygen consumption wearing firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE).Results: Significant differences were limited to time effects (pre-workload vs. post-workload),with no differences between groups (KS vs. PLA). Significantly lower muscle activity in VM,TA, and MG during MVIC, greater postural sway and muscle activity in BF during EC and EOT,and slower response time during EOT were evident post-workload. Conclusions: A 7-day ketonesupplementation does not impact postural stability, muscle activity, and cognitive tasks, but afatiguing workload causes significant performance reduction.

AB - Background: Postural stability and cognitive performance are challenged in firefighters.The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of 7-day ketone supplementation onpostural stability, cognitive performance, and muscular activation before and after a physiologicalworkload. Methods: Nine professional firefighters completed two experimental sessions (preand post-workload) in a counterbalanced, double-blind design. Participants ingested either aketone salt (KS) or placebo (PLA) daily for seven days, and had an eighth ingestion 30 min priorto testing. Each experimental testing consisted of maximal voluntary contractions (MVIC) forfour muscles (knee flexors-BF, extensor-VM, ankle dorsiflexors-TA, and plantar flexors-MG)using electromyography and postural stability testing (eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and eyesopen-dual-task using a FitLight™ system (EOT)), before (pre-workload) and after (post-workload)a simulated physiological workload. The workload consisted of 35 min steady state exerciseat 60% of peak oxygen consumption wearing firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE).Results: Significant differences were limited to time effects (pre-workload vs. post-workload),with no differences between groups (KS vs. PLA). Significantly lower muscle activity in VM,TA, and MG during MVIC, greater postural sway and muscle activity in BF during EC and EOT,and slower response time during EOT were evident post-workload. Conclusions: A 7-day ketonesupplementation does not impact postural stability, muscle activity, and cognitive tasks, but afatiguing workload causes significant performance reduction.

KW - Body balance

KW - Firefighters

KW - Ketones

KW - Muscular exertion

KW - Postural stability

KW - Response times

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U2 - 10.3390/safety5010015

DO - 10.3390/safety5010015

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85071441627

SN - 2313-576X

VL - 5

JO - Safety

JF - Safety

IS - 1

M1 - 15

ER -

Effects of 7-day ketone ingestion and a physiological workload on postural stability, cognitive, and muscular exertion measures in professional firefighters

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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