TY - JOUR
T1 - Emerging molecular targets for treatment of erectile dysfunction
T2 - Vascular and regenerative therapies on the horizon
AU - Stallmann-Jorgensen, Inger
AU - Webb, R. Clinton
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Bentham Science Publishers
PY - 2015/5/1
Y1 - 2015/5/1
N2 - Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) has reached epidemic proportions not expected to abate because of population aging and chronic diseases that accompany advanced age. Vasculopathy is a main cause, but damage to penile innervation also underlies many cases of ED. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor therapies do not help all men with ED, making the search for novel therapeutic drug and treatment targets of utmost importance. Aims: To review the literature to identify potential new treatment targets to fill a gap in therapeutic options for men with ED, with a focus on treatments for vasculogenic ED, but including novel treatment targets for ED due to penile nerve damage, a frequent consequence of pelvic surgery in men. Methods: The recent literature was searched for publications on in vitro, in vivo, pre-clinical and observational human studies, when available, that would identify potential new targets for ED therapies not previously, or not extensively reviewed. Results: Literature searches identified microparticles, myeloperoxidase, and heme oxygenase-1 as emerging molecular targets to treat vasculogenic ED. Novel regenerative therapy targets, including sonic hedgehog, galanin, and cell-based treatments were also reviewed as potential future treatments for ED due to damage to penile innervation. Conclusion: Novel molecular targets and cell-based therapies offer great hope for advances in ED treatment. Concerns regarding efficacy, toxicity, off target effects, safety, and convenience apply to these targets; much work remains to confirm these as viable targets to pursue for effective ED treatments. To complement targets discussed in this review relevant review papers were cited for the interested reader.
AB - Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) has reached epidemic proportions not expected to abate because of population aging and chronic diseases that accompany advanced age. Vasculopathy is a main cause, but damage to penile innervation also underlies many cases of ED. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor therapies do not help all men with ED, making the search for novel therapeutic drug and treatment targets of utmost importance. Aims: To review the literature to identify potential new treatment targets to fill a gap in therapeutic options for men with ED, with a focus on treatments for vasculogenic ED, but including novel treatment targets for ED due to penile nerve damage, a frequent consequence of pelvic surgery in men. Methods: The recent literature was searched for publications on in vitro, in vivo, pre-clinical and observational human studies, when available, that would identify potential new targets for ED therapies not previously, or not extensively reviewed. Results: Literature searches identified microparticles, myeloperoxidase, and heme oxygenase-1 as emerging molecular targets to treat vasculogenic ED. Novel regenerative therapy targets, including sonic hedgehog, galanin, and cell-based treatments were also reviewed as potential future treatments for ED due to damage to penile innervation. Conclusion: Novel molecular targets and cell-based therapies offer great hope for advances in ED treatment. Concerns regarding efficacy, toxicity, off target effects, safety, and convenience apply to these targets; much work remains to confirm these as viable targets to pursue for effective ED treatments. To complement targets discussed in this review relevant review papers were cited for the interested reader.
KW - Erectile dysfunction
KW - Heme oxygenase-1
KW - Microparticles
KW - Myeloperoxidase
KW - Platelets
KW - Regenerative therapies
KW - Vascular inflammation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84929665214&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84929665214&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1389450116666150427160710
DO - 10.2174/1389450116666150427160710
M3 - Article
C2 - 25915483
AN - SCOPUS:84929665214
SN - 1389-4501
VL - 16
SP - 427
EP - 441
JO - Current drug targets
JF - Current drug targets
IS - 5
ER -