TY - CHAP
T1 - Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Women
AU - Coughlin, Steven S.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Epidemiologic studies have contributed importantly to current knowledge of environmental and genetic risk factors for breast cancer. Worldwide, breast cancer is an important cause of human suffering and premature mortality among women. In the United States, breast cancer accounts for more cancer deaths in women than any site other than lung cancer. A variety of risk factors for breast cancer have been well-established by epidemiologic studies including race, ethnicity, family history of cancer, and genetic traits, as well as modifiable exposures such as increased alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, exogenous hormones, and certain female reproductive factors. Younger age at menarche, parity, and older age at first full-term pregnancy may influence breast cancer risk through long-term effects on sex hormone levels or by other biological mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that triple negative breast cancers may have a distinct etiology. Genetic variants and mutations in genes that code for proteins having a role in DNA repair pathways and the homologous recombination of DNA double stranded breaks (APEX1, BRCA1, BRCA2, XRCC2, XRCC3, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51, XPD), have been implicated in some cases of breast cancer.
AB - Epidemiologic studies have contributed importantly to current knowledge of environmental and genetic risk factors for breast cancer. Worldwide, breast cancer is an important cause of human suffering and premature mortality among women. In the United States, breast cancer accounts for more cancer deaths in women than any site other than lung cancer. A variety of risk factors for breast cancer have been well-established by epidemiologic studies including race, ethnicity, family history of cancer, and genetic traits, as well as modifiable exposures such as increased alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, exogenous hormones, and certain female reproductive factors. Younger age at menarche, parity, and older age at first full-term pregnancy may influence breast cancer risk through long-term effects on sex hormone levels or by other biological mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that triple negative breast cancers may have a distinct etiology. Genetic variants and mutations in genes that code for proteins having a role in DNA repair pathways and the homologous recombination of DNA double stranded breaks (APEX1, BRCA1, BRCA2, XRCC2, XRCC3, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51, XPD), have been implicated in some cases of breast cancer.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Breast cancer
KW - Diet
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Genetics
KW - Physical activity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071740397&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_2
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_2
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 31456177
AN - SCOPUS:85071740397
T3 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
SP - 9
EP - 29
BT - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
PB - Springer New York LLC
ER -