TY - JOUR
T1 - In vivo brain electrophoresis-a novel method for chemotherapy of CNS diseases
AU - Ammirati, Mario
AU - Lamki, Tariq
AU - Chitnis, Girish
AU - Yang, Xiangyu
AU - Russell, Duncan
AU - Coble, Dondrae
AU - Kaur, Balveen
AU - Knopp, Michael
AU - Moore, Sarah
AU - Ziaie, Babak
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Informa UK, Ltd.
PY - 2015/5/1
Y1 - 2015/5/1
N2 - Objective: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective mechanism that does its job superbly. So much so, that hitherto, brain chemotherapy has been limited by it. In fact, very few agents are effective against brain disease due to the inherent difficulties of penetrating the BBB. We describe a novel, extremely focused method for delivering drugs to specific diseased areas. This innovative method directly delivers putative substances to the pathological area, bypassing the BBB. Treatment of brain diseases could be improved by targeted, controlled delivery of therapeutic substances to diseased cerebral areas. Our described novel method-in vivo electrophoresis-achieves this.Methods: This technique was evaluated in beagles after craniotomy was performed and a custom-designed plate with electrodes inserted. The delivery of charged substances to selected areas with predictably guided movement was achieved via a created electrical field. Gadolinium, a compound unable to cross the BBB, was injected intracerebrally whereas an electrical field was created using the implanted electrodes surrounding the injection area. The electrical field-guided Gadolinium movement was evaluated using MRI.Results: Gadolinium was moved predictably using the created electrical field without complications.Conclusions: The experiment successfully demonstrated controlled movement of the substance. This technique can significantly change treatment of brain diseases because substances: i) may be moved in a controlled, predictable way-exponentially increasing therapeutic interactions with the target; and ii) no longer need to conform to constraints dictated by the BBB (molecular mass < 500 d; lipophilic), thereby increasing potential number of usable substances.
AB - Objective: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective mechanism that does its job superbly. So much so, that hitherto, brain chemotherapy has been limited by it. In fact, very few agents are effective against brain disease due to the inherent difficulties of penetrating the BBB. We describe a novel, extremely focused method for delivering drugs to specific diseased areas. This innovative method directly delivers putative substances to the pathological area, bypassing the BBB. Treatment of brain diseases could be improved by targeted, controlled delivery of therapeutic substances to diseased cerebral areas. Our described novel method-in vivo electrophoresis-achieves this.Methods: This technique was evaluated in beagles after craniotomy was performed and a custom-designed plate with electrodes inserted. The delivery of charged substances to selected areas with predictably guided movement was achieved via a created electrical field. Gadolinium, a compound unable to cross the BBB, was injected intracerebrally whereas an electrical field was created using the implanted electrodes surrounding the injection area. The electrical field-guided Gadolinium movement was evaluated using MRI.Results: Gadolinium was moved predictably using the created electrical field without complications.Conclusions: The experiment successfully demonstrated controlled movement of the substance. This technique can significantly change treatment of brain diseases because substances: i) may be moved in a controlled, predictable way-exponentially increasing therapeutic interactions with the target; and ii) no longer need to conform to constraints dictated by the BBB (molecular mass < 500 d; lipophilic), thereby increasing potential number of usable substances.
KW - Blood-brain barrier
KW - Drug delivery
KW - Glioblastoma multiforme
KW - Novel method
KW - Stereotactic chemotherapy
KW - in vivo electrophoresis
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U2 - 10.1517/17425247.2015.1014034
DO - 10.1517/17425247.2015.1014034
M3 - Article
C2 - 25666687
AN - SCOPUS:84928334453
SN - 1742-5247
VL - 12
SP - 727
EP - 734
JO - Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
JF - Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
IS - 5
ER -