TY - JOUR
T1 - Individual and socioeconomic factors associated with childhood immunization coverage in Nigeria
AU - Oleribe, Obinna
AU - Kumar, Vibha
AU - Awosika-Olumo, Adebowale
AU - Taylor-Robinson, Simon David
N1 - Funding Information:
OOO is involved in HIV/AIDS programing funded by US government in Nigeria. OOO and SDT-R are involved in the European Union-funded PROLIFICA hepatitis B project in Nigeria. All authors are grateful for infrastructure and financial support provided by Excellence and Friends Management Care Center (EFMC), Abuja Nigeria, the Wellcome Global Centre at Imperial College London and the United Kingdom National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Facility at Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. We are grateful to the Royal College of Physicians, London, UK, for useful discussions and support.
Funding Information:
The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) is a program funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The last DHS study was conducted in Nigeria in 2013 and the dataset is managed by USAID under the DHS Program. We reanalyzed the Nigerian DHS 2013 dataset. The data used were collected from the entire country and representative samples were collected from each enumeration area (EA) at a fixed sample of 45 per EA. The survey was implemented by the National Population Commission of Nigeria from February 2013 to June 2013. 38,522 households were sampled, from which 38,948 females and 17,359 males aged 15 to 49 years were interviewed [9]. All women aged 15 to 49 who were either permanent residents or visitors to the selected households, and had children aged 12 to 24 months were included and interviewed by trained health workers. Permission to download and reanalyze the data was sought and obtained from dataset holders. The dataset was analyzed using SPSS® Version 21 [10]. Initial descriptive analyses were done to check for outliers, missing data, and consistency of the data set. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done with completed immunization as the only dependent variable. Ethical approvals were received from Walden University Institutional Review Board (IRB) and National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (NHREC).
Publisher Copyright:
© Obinna Oleribe et al.
PY - 2017/4/24
Y1 - 2017/4/24
N2 - Introduction: Immunization is the world’s most successful and cost-effective public health intervention as it prevents over 2 million deaths annually. However, over 2 million deaths still occur yearly from Vaccine preventable diseases, the majority of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is a major contributor of global childhood deaths from VPDs. Till date, Nigeria still has wild polio virus in circulation. The objective of this study was to identify the individual and socioeconomic factors associated with immunization coverage in Nigeria through a secondary dataset analysis of Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2013. Methods: A quantitative analysis of the 2013 NDHS dataset was performed. Ethical approvals were obtained from Walden University IRB and the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria. The dataset was downloaded, validated for completeness and analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. Results: Of 27,571 children aged 0 to 59 months, 22.1% had full vaccination, and 29% never received any vaccination. Immunization coverage was significantly associated with childbirth order, delivery place, child number, and presence or absence of a child health card. Maternal age, geographical location, education, religion, literacy, wealth index, marital status, and occupation were significantly associated with immunization coverage. Paternal education, occupation, and age were also significantly associated with coverage. Respondent's age, educational attainment and wealth index remained significantly related to immunization coverage at 95% confidence interval in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The study highlights child, parental and socioeconomic barriers to successful immunization programs in Nigeria. These findings need urgent attention, given the re-emergence of wild poliovirus in Nigeria. An effective, efficient, sustainable, accessible, and acceptable immunization program for children should be designed, developed and undertaken in Nigeria with adequate strategies put in place to implement them.
AB - Introduction: Immunization is the world’s most successful and cost-effective public health intervention as it prevents over 2 million deaths annually. However, over 2 million deaths still occur yearly from Vaccine preventable diseases, the majority of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is a major contributor of global childhood deaths from VPDs. Till date, Nigeria still has wild polio virus in circulation. The objective of this study was to identify the individual and socioeconomic factors associated with immunization coverage in Nigeria through a secondary dataset analysis of Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2013. Methods: A quantitative analysis of the 2013 NDHS dataset was performed. Ethical approvals were obtained from Walden University IRB and the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria. The dataset was downloaded, validated for completeness and analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. Results: Of 27,571 children aged 0 to 59 months, 22.1% had full vaccination, and 29% never received any vaccination. Immunization coverage was significantly associated with childbirth order, delivery place, child number, and presence or absence of a child health card. Maternal age, geographical location, education, religion, literacy, wealth index, marital status, and occupation were significantly associated with immunization coverage. Paternal education, occupation, and age were also significantly associated with coverage. Respondent's age, educational attainment and wealth index remained significantly related to immunization coverage at 95% confidence interval in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The study highlights child, parental and socioeconomic barriers to successful immunization programs in Nigeria. These findings need urgent attention, given the re-emergence of wild poliovirus in Nigeria. An effective, efficient, sustainable, accessible, and acceptable immunization program for children should be designed, developed and undertaken in Nigeria with adequate strategies put in place to implement them.
KW - Immunization
KW - Nigeria
KW - Nigerian demographic and health survey (NDHS)
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U2 - 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.220.11453
DO - 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.220.11453
M3 - Article
C2 - 28690734
AN - SCOPUS:85025103984
SN - 1937-8688
VL - 26
JO - Pan African Medical Journal
JF - Pan African Medical Journal
M1 - 220
ER -
