Lynch Syndrome in Urologic Malignancies – What Does the Urologist Need to Know?

Lynch Syndrome (LS) entails a defective DNA mismatch repair system, which is the postreplicative proofreading and editing system, ensuring our genome's integrity. LS predisposes to several cancers, most commonly colorectal and endometrial cancers. LS occurs in approximately 1 in 250–1000 people. LS is associated with urological malignancies with upper tract urothelial carcinoma the most common, although still clinically underestimated. Other urologic malignancies possibly associated with LS include bladder, prostate, testis, and renal cell carcinoma. Ascertaining their true prevalence in LS is mandatory for their and their relatives’ diagnosis and treatment. Awareness regarding identifying patients at risk for LS through assessment of personal and familial oncologic history is critical among urologists.