Participation of ATP7A in macrophage mediated oxidation of LDL

ATP7A primarily functions to egress copper from cells, thereby supplying this cofactor to secreted copper-accepting enzymes. This ATPase has attracted significant attention since the discovery of its mutation leading to human Menkes disease and the demonstration of its distribution in various tissues. Recently, we reported that ATP7A is expressed in the human vasculature. In the present study, we investigated the cellular expression of ATP7A in atherosclerotic lesions of LDL receptor ^-/- mice. Subsequently, we examined the role of ATP7A in regulating the oxidation of LDL in a macrophage cell model. We observed that ATP7A is expressed in atherosclerotic murine aorta and colocalizes with macrophages. To investigate the function of ATP7A, we downregulated ATP7A expression in THP-1 derived macrophages using small interfering RNA ( siRNA). ATP7A downregulation attenuated cell-mediated oxidation of LDL. Moreover, downregulation of ATP7A resulted in decreased expression and enzymatic activity of cytosolic phospholipase A₂ α (cPLA₂α), a key intracellular enzyme involved in cell-mediated LDL oxidation. In addition, cPLA₂α promoter activity was decreased after downregulation of ATP7A, suggesting that ATP7A transcriptionally regulates cPLA₂α expression. Finally, cPLA₂α overexpression increased LDL oxidation, which was blocked by coadministration of ATP7A siRNA oligonucleotides. These findings suggest a novel mechanism linking ATP7A to cPLA₂α and LDL oxidation, suggesting that this copper transporter could play a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.