TY - JOUR
T1 - Potential new urinary markers in the early detection of bladder cancer
AU - Shirodkar, Samir P.
AU - Lokeshwar, Vinata B.
PY - 2009/9
Y1 - 2009/9
N2 - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Bladder cancer remains a highly prevalent and lethal malignancy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment have been shown to improve survival at both initial diagnosis and recurrence. A vast number of tumor markers have been identified and rigorously evaluated in attempts to improve noninvasive diagnostic accuracy of bladder cancer. Hematuria was the first tumor marker in a field that has grown to include soluble markers, cell-surface antigens, cell-cycle-related proteins, and genetic alterations. We aim to provide a critical appraisal of newer markers and the current state of research. RECENT FINDINGS: The number of tumor markers identified has been exponentially increasing. For a variety of reasons, many are unsuitable for clinical practice. More promising recent markers include those discovered in the fields of genomics, proteomics, and epigenetics. Much of the recent work is focused on molecular genetic pathways in bladder cancer. SUMMARY: The field of bladder cancer tumor markers remains a rapidly evolving area in which newer markers are constantly identified, evaluated, and often discarded if they do not add significantly to the urologists' armamentarium. Newer markers rely on genetic rearrangements, molecular changes, and cell-cycle-related proteins. Work is currently being done to identify the most promising markers.
AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Bladder cancer remains a highly prevalent and lethal malignancy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment have been shown to improve survival at both initial diagnosis and recurrence. A vast number of tumor markers have been identified and rigorously evaluated in attempts to improve noninvasive diagnostic accuracy of bladder cancer. Hematuria was the first tumor marker in a field that has grown to include soluble markers, cell-surface antigens, cell-cycle-related proteins, and genetic alterations. We aim to provide a critical appraisal of newer markers and the current state of research. RECENT FINDINGS: The number of tumor markers identified has been exponentially increasing. For a variety of reasons, many are unsuitable for clinical practice. More promising recent markers include those discovered in the fields of genomics, proteomics, and epigenetics. Much of the recent work is focused on molecular genetic pathways in bladder cancer. SUMMARY: The field of bladder cancer tumor markers remains a rapidly evolving area in which newer markers are constantly identified, evaluated, and often discarded if they do not add significantly to the urologists' armamentarium. Newer markers rely on genetic rearrangements, molecular changes, and cell-cycle-related proteins. Work is currently being done to identify the most promising markers.
KW - Bladder cancer
KW - Molecular diagnostics
KW - Tumor markers
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=68949183335&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32832eb3a0
DO - 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32832eb3a0
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19584734
AN - SCOPUS:68949183335
SN - 0963-0643
VL - 19
SP - 488
EP - 493
JO - Current Opinion in Urology
JF - Current Opinion in Urology
IS - 5
ER -