Segmental bile duct resection versus pancreatoduodenectomy for middle and distal third bile duct cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies

Introduction: Data regarding oncologic outcomes of segmental bile duct resection (SBDR) versus pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for bile duct cancers (BDC) are conflicting. We compared SBDR and PD for BDC utilizing pooled data analysis. Materials and methods: A comprehensive PRISMA 2020 systematic review was performed. Studies comparing SBDR with PD for BDC were included. Pooled mean differences (MD), odds ratios (OR), and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed. Study quality, bias, heterogeneity, and certainty were analyzed. Results: Twelve studies from 2004 to 2021 were included, comprising 533 SBDR and 1,313 PD. SBDR was associated with positive proximal duct margins (OR 1.56; CI 1.11–2.18; P = .01), and distal duct margins (OR 43.25; CI 10.38–180.16; P < .01). SBDR yielded fewer lymph nodes (MD -6.93 nodes; CI -9.72–4.15; P < .01) and detected fewer nodal metastases (OR 0.72; CI 0.55–0.94; P = .01). SBDR portended less perioperative morbidity (OR 0.31; CI 0.21–0.46; P < .01), but not mortality (OR 0.52; CI 0.20–1.32; P = .17). SBDR was associated with locoregional recurrences (OR 1.88; CI 1.01–3.53; P = .02), and lymph node recurrences (OR 2.13; CI 1.42–3.2; P = .04). SBDR yielded decreased 5-year OS (OR 0.75; CI 0.65–0.85; P < .01). Conclusions: Despite decreased perioperative morbidity, SBDR appears to provide inferior oncologic control for BDC.